2007年4月4日
Although there be great historical, artistic or archaeological interest in preserving them, paper documents have a limited life. Prolonging this life is the goal of the European Papertech project.
除了来自意大利,法国,葡萄牙,摩洛哥,约旦和埃及的实验室外,还参加了该项目的联盟,这是巴斯克大学(UPV/EHU)通过由环境分析化学小组组成的多学科合并小组(UPV/EHU)科学技术教师和亚博老虎机网登录美术学院的旧文档恢复团队。
The project has three basic goals. The first is the diagnosis of the state of conservation of the old paper documents of archaeological, historical and artistic value. The second is conservation using classical methods analysing, above all, biological-type degradation processes that occur on cellulose media. The final goal is to test a new technology to reconstruct what has been lost from the cellulose-based paper medium.
当纸张因化学作用而降解时,基本上是由于纸张组成的纤维素的氧化。这种反应引发了一系列新技术可以采取行动的官能团。结果,在这些退化的官能团中形成了新的聚合结构,并引入了一系列材料。亚博网站下载这是以与原始纤维素非常相似的第二涂层形成第二涂层的方式发生的,但更稳定。就像是覆盖伤口的新皮肤。
UPV/EHU进行的研究部分重点是对纸质材料的分析,即,从纸莎草纸到古代地图,官方纸张,十七世纪末的报纸,从不同时期和位置的样本上进行了绘画,绘画了纸张。, 等等。
They have perfected methods for characterising these papers and what is printed/written on them. Moreover, they have been able to define and measure the processes of degradation suffered by the paper material. Currently, they are analysing to see if the new processes of conservation are really effective or not.
To carry out the analysis, the UPV/EHU researchers do no touch the samples. They employ a series of non-destructive techniques that enable analyses to be carried out without damaging the samples. The process is always similar, independently of the nature of the sample; the samples pass through the same equipment.
第一个是带有微探针的拉曼便携式光谱仪,并配备了微型视频摄像机,将激光束聚焦于要分析的内容上,能够分析到10个MICRAS并获得相应的光谱。这个想法是在纸张样本中确定各种根本无机化合物的分子形式。
通过该设备获得了分子级信息,但是使用X射线微荧光,目的是获得对元素的分析,以确定所分析的介质的组成,从而区分原始组件和这些额外的成分通过外部污染引起的某些活动进入系统的。
最后,将光学显微镜拟合到微型FTIR,以“看到”有机化合物的分子形状。从根本上讲,纤维素培养基所遭受的降解得到了验证,并分析了写入墨水中使用的脂肪剂的性质或用于对工作进行染色的不同颜料。获得红外样品完成了其他两种技术获得的信息。
一旦获得了三种技术的完整信息,就可以解释结果。迄今为止,已经提出了有关如何治疗这些细腻材料的新方法。亚博网站下载同时,他们在识别墨水和颜料中使用的aglutinins方面取得了进步 - 无论如何,无论如何,都不是一件容易的事。我们可以说,对于其他较旧的方法,对样品的损害不存在或最小。鉴于UPV/EHU研究人员使用红外光谱技术,该技术高度敏感,小于0.2毫克的样品厚度,他们可以确定所使用的Aglutinines家族。直到现在,确切地知道使用600年的Aglutinans实际上是不可能的。
Working at this microscopic scale enables identification of materials that perhaps might never have been imagined as degradation products. The problem is usually one of interpreting how these materials came to be in or on the original material. This work is undertaken applying a thorough knowledge of the impact produced by the environment or by micro-organisms and by the chemical reactivity through the use of suitable programmes of chemical balance simulation in heterogeneous phases.
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