一种新材料可以使太阳能电池比当今的硅太阳能电池薄一千倍。该材料是一种称为卤化钙钛矿的混合有机晶体。现在，一种新颖的方法使科学家可以同时观察材料的结构和功能性能的变化，因为材料从溶液中凝固成薄膜。
当X射线探测材料的晶体结构时，激光检查了其对光的响应方式。当在材料创建的关键时刻观察到时，测量的组合可以帮助科学家弄清楚其结构和功能是如何相关的。
影响
Researchers are interested in perovskite materials for their stellar ability to respond to and control light. These materials can absorb visible light more efficiently than silicon. They are also less effected by structural defects. This makes them promising for devices such as light-emitting diodes, detectors, and lasers. The knowledge obtained using the dual X-ray and laser spectroscopy technique could help improve the performance of perovskite materials. This combination of techniques could also allow manufacturers to automate real-time monitoring of materials synthesis for quality control.
Summary
有机 - 无机卤化物钙钛矿由有机分子（例如甲基铵）和无机金属卤化物（例如碘化铅）组成。尽管具有潜力，但钙钛矿尚未商业化。这部分是由于缺乏对非常高质量的钙钛矿及其在操作条件下的长期稳定性的可重复合成。为了应对这些挑战，科学家在能源部的科学办公室用户设施中使用了定制的分析室。亚博老虎机网登录
在该设施，科学家使用X射线散射来获取有关合成过程中钙钛矿进化以及基于激光的光谱的结构信息，以测量光学特性。研究小组包括慕尼黑技术大学，劳伦斯·伯克利国家实验室，瑞士理工学院的劳伦斯·伯克利国家实验室，瑞士和宾夕法尼亚州立大学的科学家
同时的“分屏”散射和光谱数据提供了结晶动力学的互补视图，揭示了光学响应的变化如何与材料结构的演变相关。例如，在合成过程中，添加反溶剂与广泛的，强烈的光致发光峰和多分散（非均匀）纳米晶体的快速形成相关。随后的结构重组提供了与光学响应中基础变化的机制相似的线索。
The researchers found the material's structural evolution to proceed in four steps: nanocrystal nucleation upon the addition of antisolvent, cluster coalescence, thermal decomposition upon solvent evaporation, and the formation of cubic crystals in the thin film. Future studies of more complex perovskites will help optimize materials for advanced photovoltaic performance.
资金
This research was supported by Bavarian Collaborative Research Project Solar Technologies Go Hybrid (SolTech), German Research Foundation, TUM International Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Bavaria California Technology Center, Centre for Nanoscience (Munich, Germany), Nanosystems Initiative Munich, ALS Doctoral Fellowships in Residence, the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), and the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, a DOE Energy Innovation Hub supported by the Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences. This research used resources at the Advanced Light Source and the Molecular Foundry, DOE Office of Science user facilities operated by LBNL.
Source:https://www.energy.gov/science/office-science