Scientists Test Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

在最近发表在《开放式杂志》上的评论中能量, researchers discussed new research trends regarding proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

学习：质子交换膜燃料电池的新趋势。Image Credit: PixelSquid3d/Shutterstock.com

背景

有效利用可再生能源的基本先决条件是开发环保和高效的能源转化技术。燃料电池（FCS）是电化学系统，与各种可再生能源一起使用时显示出令人鼓舞的结果。由于氢对环境没有不利影响，可以使用电解和其他技术从水中产生，因此被认为是未来的燃料。预计对能源产生部门产生最大影响的最典型类型的FC是低温质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）。

Despite the fact that PEMFCs have several benefits, their commercialization is constrained by competition from traditional combustion engines. In the most recent few decades, the creation of inexpensive yet long-lasting FCs has advanced more quickly. Before PEMFCs can successfully replace conventional power systems, they must first address a number of problems. The potential for adoption of this technology is mostly influenced by the price per kW of the FC system and the availability of hydrogen supply. New supply routes for hydrogen have been given in a number of studies; however, the price is still high. Additionally, in order to make this market lucrative and accessible to more users, the producers must lower manufacturing costs and, as a result, the price per kW.

PEMFC的操作（根据[28]改编（许可证号5172430728078））遇到的电损失区域的极化曲线。图片来源：Olabi，A。G等人，能量

关于研究

在这项研究中，作者研究了质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）的许多部分以及它们的制造方式。这些制造方法面临的困难得到了彻底检查，并提出了一些解决方案。

The team presented a thorough analysis to understand the current state of fuel cell operational characteristics and identified new areas for development in the young and evolving PEMFC technology. The theory covered in this study was intended to help fuel cell development in some way.

The researchers investigated and critically examined the present and cutting-edge materials utilized for PEMFCs, as well as their characteristics and the numerous fabrication processes used to make FC components.

膜电极组件的示意图[37]（开放访问）。图片来源：Olabi，A。G等人，能量

观察

液体弹性体可以在15秒内固化，并达到0.4英寸的厚度。根据调查结果，SS304纸皱纹并以非常不同的速度断裂，速度更高的速度在0.1至1.1 m/s之间。与溅射相比，电子束还原电极更有效，最佳功率密度为0.56 W/cm²for the former and 0.36 W/cm²对于后者。

接触resistance between gas diffusion layers (GDLs) and bipolar plates (BPs) could result in the loss of up to 59% of the power in PEMFCs. Metals corroded at faster rates than gold, which had a rate of less than 15 m/year and was comparable to graphite. Metals corroded at rates of roughly 250 and less than 100 m/year for aluminum and stainless steel, respectively.

Nafion膜在催化剂层和膜的材料方面提供了最佳性能，但仍然很昂贵。亚博网站下载性能遭受了损失，由于试图降低Nafion和铂浓度的尝试而增加了成本。当前的重点是寻找可以完全取代白金和Nafion的新材料。亚博网站下载腐蚀是BPS的重要问题，这正在用涂料解决。尝试创建替代金属的替代材料的尝试尚未等效。亚博网站下载结果，试图创建更有效的全新涂料流程。

挠度是端板的主要问题，尤其是对于具有很多单元的堆栈而言。可以通过选择具有较高拉伸强度但重量低的材料来解决此问题。

（（a,b)PEMFC的示意图显示螺栓和螺母；（C）遇到夹紧压力时MEA发生的事情的图；（d）diagram for a unit cell;（e）夹紧压力和应变；（F）relationship between clamping pressure and contact resistance [134] (license no. 5175230250109). Image Credit: Olabi, A. G et al., Energies

结论

In conclusion, this study examined the materials and production of the various PEMFCs. A lot of attention was paid to the unique PEMFC materials and their qualities, and fabrication techniques for making PEMFC components were also investigated.

膜电极组件是所审查的组件之一。作者提到PEMFC已经提高了，但是在可以广泛实施之前必须解决成本和耐用性的问题。低功率密度和机械耐用性是FC的问题。

他们还指出，尽管在过去几十年中的研究和优化方面取得了所有进步，但PEMFC是一项独特的能源转换技术，因此仍有开发机会。

来源

Olabi, A. G., Wilberforce, T., Alanazi, A., et al. Novel Trends in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. Energies 15(14) 4949 (2022).https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/14/4949

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