在最近发表在《杂志》上的评论中添加剂制造，研究人员讨论了液晶的最新发展，可以将光聚合用于添加剂制造。
Study:可添加剂制造的光聚合液晶。图片来源：iaremenko sergii/shutterstock.com
背景
Although other flat panel display (FDP) technologies, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), are now well-established in the FDP marketplace and are slowly taking market share from LCDs, when it comes to liquid crystals it is almost impossible not to refer to liquid crystal displays (LCDs), which represent the dominant technology in the FDP industry. In recent years, many unique liquid crystalline compounds have been developed for usage as organic semiconductors in OLEDs.
Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), a well-known family of stimulus-responsive polymers, have also been made with reactive mesogens. Reactive mesogens that are photopolymerisable rather than thermally polymerizable are typically used in the manufacture of solution-processed OLEDs and other RM applications.
通常在4D打印中使用的商业液晶苯基二烯丙基二晶，例如反应性中源82（RM82）和反应性中源257（RM257），具有较高的玻璃过渡温度和清除点。为了降低RM的液晶相过渡温度，添加了少量的N-丁胺或硫醇。不幸的是，当将更多材料引入印刷系统时，制造过程的参亚博网站下载数控制变得更加复杂。
关于研究
在这项研究中，作者讨论了液晶在晚期添加剂制造中的新应用，即反应性中质原的3D/4D打印以及随后的聚合化以构建各向异性聚合物网络。主要重点是在添加剂制造3D/4D打印中合成和应用新液晶材料的问题。亚博网站下载
研究人员展示了对新型液体晶体用于平板展示的有效设计和开发策略的分析启发了新型光聚糖液晶体用于添加剂制造的开发。该评论旨在激发几乎没有液晶和液晶化学家经验的化学家，以设计和合成3D/4D打印的新液晶。
The team looked at the design parameters for the synthesis of novel RMs from the standpoint of molecular structures and mesophase transitions, which were better suited for 4D printing. Its purpose was to provide some direction for 3D/4D printing researchers with limited liquid crystal knowledge in order to assist them in designing and synthesizing RMs with the necessary structures and mesophase transition temperatures for optimum 4D printing applications.
观察
One of the studies reported that when dropped from a height of 50 cm onto the developed LCE foam, the egg was protected from cracking, unlike the elastomeric foam. Digital light-processing (DLP) printing LCEs based on RM82 and RM257 for self-sensing artificial muscles with high specific work capacity (63 J/kg) and energy density (0.18 MJ/m3）were reported by Robert F. Shepherd's group at Cornell University. The six laminated LCE films had exceptional lifting forces of almost 20 J/kg which was as much as 2500 times the mechanical system's weight, which could open up new applications in aerospace and other fields that needed strong mechanical qualities. The oligomers RM20-RM22 had a nematic phase with clearing points (N-I) ranging from 38 to 170 °C. The value of the macroscopic order parameter, S, in terms of nematic mesophases, was reported to be between 0.4 and 0.7.
Along with solids, liquids, and gases, liquid crystals were frequently regarded as the fourth state of matter. Because liquid crystals were utilized in LCDs, it was reported that one out of every 10 novel synthesized compounds were a liquid crystal. Liquid crystals, also known as mesogens, had a diverse spectrum of ordered mesophases with anisotropic physical features including magnetic, optical, and dielectric anisotropy. Liquid crystals were employed in a wide range of non-LCD applications due to their extremely anisotropic features and propensity to self-organize on surfaces. Photochromics, optical retarders, pressure-sensitive paints, and optical correction films were examples of these applications.
溶液制作（OLED），有机光伏设备（OPV）和有机场效应晶体管（OFET）是通过高度交联的各向异性聚合物网络（由光聚糖液液晶体（称为RMS）产生的。
结论
总之，这项研究总结了液晶分子体系结构和中间酶的特性，以及结构性光聚合液晶及其在添加剂制造中的应用。尽管对应于平面板显示器的田间液晶化合物进行了有效的修改和设计，但很少有努力能够优化专门用于添加剂制造的新液晶结构。还讨论了具有高中间体过渡温度和低强度模量的4D打印液晶的目前障碍。
作者认为，光聚合液晶分子结构的进一步优化将加速添加剂制造开发，扩大新颖的3D/4D打印应用的可能性，并在将来为这些复杂的功能材料创造新市场。亚博网站下载
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来源
Hu，G.，Zhang，B.，Kelly，S.M.，用于添加剂制造的光聚糖液晶。增材制造102861（2022）。https://www.亚博老虎机网登录sciendirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/s2214860422002603。
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