Digital twin (DT) technology is making significant research inroads into several technologies. DT technology has significant potential for another key 21st-century technology: electric vehicles. A paper published in可持续性在这个重要的工业领域探索了数字双胞胎的使用。
学习：自动电动车辆推进驱动系统的数字双胞胎概述。图片来源：BuffaloBoy/Shutterstock.com
什么是数字双胞胎？
Since the concept was developed around 20 years ago, a number of researchers and institutions have defined digital twins and sought to develop effective software systems based upon them. In essence, a digital twin is a replica of a real-world object (its “twin”) and in addition to the physical assets of the twin, a digital twin can be used to replicate processes. By using them in this manner, data can be collected to provide a predictive analysis of performance.
Digital twins can be constructed for physical objects from vehicle and airplane engines to wind farms, buildings, and even entire cities. IoT devices, software analytics tools, machine learning, big data, and AI can be integrated into a digital twin to improve its operation and output. Digital twins are rapidly becoming a key technology in engineering in the 21英石century. Digital twins can run any number of simulations on every parameter and process in a physical asset.
A simple way to explain what a digital twin looks like is a wind turbine that has various sensors attached to different working parts and vital areas. The sensors gather data about factors such as wind speed, atmospheric conditions, temperature, energy output, and so forth which are then fed back to a central processing system. This real-world information is then applied to the digital twin.
Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) System. Image Credit: Ibrahim, M et al., Sustainability
收集的数据用于运行模拟，分析性能问题并提供可以帮助改善现实世界对象性能的见解。数字双胞胎可用于在物理资产的整个生命周期内分析有价值的健康状况和维护数据。DTS和硬件式仿真之间的关键区别在于，DT是纯粹的虚拟仿真模型，它提供了现实的输入和输出，以确定物理资产的工作状况。
有几种类型的数字双胞胎根据产品放大层进行分类，并且根据其应用领域的不同。不同类型的数字双胞胎是组件双胞胎/零件双胞胎，资产双胞胎，系统/单元双胞胎和过程双胞胎。数字双胞胎有利于工程应用，因为它们是低成本和低风险的。
数字双（DT）系统。图片来源：Ibrahim，M等人，可持续性
Electric Vehicles and How DT Benefits the Technology
The growth in electric vehicle development has been promoted by the urgent need to reduce carbon emissions in the automotive industry. Digital twins have been extensively explored in fields such as biomedical research and the aerospace industry, and due to their potential, they are being increasingly employed in the research and development of electric vehicles. Like any technology, electric vehicles have parts that must be monitored for performance issues and to provide operational improvements.
开发新的汽车模型是一个漫长的过程，通常从设计到市场推出最多需要五到六年。有效的设计是新车辆长期成功的关键，数字双胞胎提供了一种对组件进行建模的方法，并在所有阶段都在设计和开发过程中建模。
数字双应用应用图。图片来源：Ibrahim，M等人，可持续性
电动汽车仍然是一项相对较新的技术，但是全球需求的增长促进了设计高性能零件的迫切需求。据预测，到2050年，它们将占全球汽车行业份额的80％。影响其性能的关键组成部分之一是推进驱动器系统，尽管这可以从数字双胞胎技术中受益，但缺乏缺乏关于EV推进系统的研究。
Digital twins are frequently used for applications such as diagnostics, prognostics, system health monitoring, and risk assessment in electric vehicle drive applications. The paper published in可持续性概述了在电动汽车推进驱动系统中使用DT技术的概述。
电动车辆（EV）驱动系统组件。图片来源：Ibrahim，M等人，可持续性
作者对当前有关在该领域使用数字双技术使用的研究进行了广泛的综述。此外，作者还提供了当前可用的不同仿真技术之间的比较。最后，他们确定了几种技术发展的途径，这些途径将为未来的研究方向提供信息。总之，该研究发现了在电动汽车设计中使用数字双胞胎的巨大潜力，因此，该论文是该领域的重要资源。
Further Reading
易卜拉欣，M等。（2022）自动电动车辆推进驱动系统的数字双胞胎概述[online]可持续性14（2）601 |mdpi.com。可用网址：https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/2/601
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