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Stainless Steel - Grade 304 (UNS S30400)

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304级是标准的“ 18/8”不锈钢。即使有各种各样的替代品,它是通用性最广泛,最广泛使用的不锈钢。并具有出色的形成和焊接特性。304级的平衡的奥氏体结构使其能够在不中间退火的情况下进行严格的深度绘制。这意味着该级钢在制造不锈钢零件(例如水槽,空心软件和锅中)中占主导地位。对于这些应用程序,通常使用特殊的“ 304DDQ”(深度绘图质量)变体。304级可以容易刹车或卷制成各种组件,以用于工业,建筑和运输领域的应用。它还具有出色的焊接特性。焊接薄截面时不需要焊后退火。

304L级是304的低碳版本,不需要焊接后退火,因此被广泛用于重规组件(大约6mm)。304h含量较高的碳含量用于升高温度的应用。奥氏体结构还为这些等级提供了极好的韧性,甚至可以达到低温温度。

Key Properties

这些属性是针对ASTM A240/A240M中平面产品(板,板和线圈)的。在其各自的规格中,针对其他产品(例如管道和栏)指定了相似但不一定的属性。

Composition

表格1。304年不锈钢的典型构图范围

Grade C Mn si P S Cr N
304 min.
max.
-
0.08
-
2.0
-
0.75
-
0.045
-
0.030
18.0
20.0
- 8.0
10.5
-
0.10
304L min.
max.
-
0.030
-
2.0
-
0.75
-
0.045
-
0.030
18.0
20.0
- 8.0
12.0
-
0.10
304H min.
max.
0.04
0.10
-
2.0
-
0.75
-0.045 -
0.030
18.0
20.0
- 8.0
10.5
-

机械性能

表2。Typical mechanical properties of 304-grade stainless steel

Grade 拉伸强度(MPA)分钟 Yield Strength 0.2% Proof (MPa) min Elongation (% in 50 mm) min Hardness
罗克韦尔B(HR B)最大 Brinell(HB)最大
304 515 205 40 92 201
304L 485 170 40 92 201
304H 515 205 40 92 201

304Halso requires a grain size of ASTM No 7 or coarser.

物理特性

表3。在退火状态下304年不锈钢的典型物理特性

Grade Density (kg/m3) 弹性模量(GPA) Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (μm/m/°C) 导热率(W/M.K) Specific Heat 0-100 °C (J/kg.K) 电阻率(NΩ.m)
0-100 °C 0-315 °C 0-538°C 在100°C at 500 °C
304/L/H 8000 193 17.2 17.8 18.4 16.2 21.5 500 720

Grade Specification Comparison

表4。304年不锈钢的近似级规格

Grade UNS No 老英国 EURONORM 瑞典SS Japanese JIS
BS En 名称
304 S30400 304S31 58e 1.4301 X5CrNi18-10 2332 SUS 304
304L S30403 304S11 - 1.4306 X2CrNi19-11 2352 SUS 304L
304H S30409 304S51 - 1.4948 X6CrNi18-11 - -

These comparisons are approximate only. The list is intended as a comparison of functionally similar materials, not as a schedule of contractual equivalents. If exact equivalents are needed original specifications must be consulted.

Possible Alternative Grades

表5。可能的替代等级至304年不锈钢

Grade Why it might be chosen instead of 304
301L 对于某些卷形成或拉伸形成的组件,需要更高的工作硬化速率等级。
302HQ Lower work hardening rate is needed for cold forging of screws, bolts, and rivets.
303 Higher machinability needed, and the lower corrosion resistance, formability, and weldability are acceptable.
316 在氯化物环境中,需要更高的抗性和缝隙腐蚀性
321 需要更好地抵抗约600-900°C的温度……321具有更高的热强度。
3CR12 A lower cost is required, and the reduced corrosion resistance and resulting discoloration are acceptable.
430 需要较低的成本,并且可以接受减少的耐腐蚀性和制造特性。

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耐腐蚀性能

304级不锈钢在广泛的大气环境和许多腐蚀性介质中非常出色。它可能会在温暖的氯化物环境中受到点缀和缝隙腐蚀,并应将腐蚀在60°C以上(近似)(近似)。在环境温度下,304级被认为对饮用水的耐药性高达约200 mg/l氯化物,在60°C下降低至约150 mg/l。

Heat Resistance

304级在间歇性服务中具有良好的氧化耐药性,直至870°C,并且连续服务至925°C。如果随后的耐腐蚀性很重要,则不建议在425-860°C范围内连续使用304。304L级对碳化物的降水更具耐药性,可以加热到该温度范围内。

304H级在升高的温度下具有较高的强度,因此通常用于在500°C以上的温度下进行结构和压力的应用,直至约800°C(大约)。304H将在425-860°C的温度范围内敏感。尽管这对于高温应用不是问题,但它将导致耐水性耐药性降低。

Heat Treatment

During Solution Treatment (Annealing) Grade 304 can be heated to 1010-1120 °C and is then cooled rapidly. These grades cannot be hardened by thermal treatment.

焊接

Grade 304 has excellent weldability by all standard fusion methods, both with and without filler metals. AS 1554.6 pre-qualifies welding of 304 with Grade 308 and 304L with 308L rods or electrodes (and with their high silicon equivalents). Heavy welded sections in Grade 304 may require post-weld annealing for maximum corrosion resistance. This is not required for Grade 304L. Grade 321 may also be used as an alternative to 304 if heavy section welding is required and post-weld heat treatment is not possible.

加工

A "Ugima" improved machinability version of grade 304 is available in bar products. "Ugima" machines significantly better than standard 304 or 304L, giving higher machining rates and lower tool wear in many operations.

双重认证

304和304L通常以“双重认证”形式放养,尤其是在板和管道中。这些项目具有符合304和304L规格的化学和机械性能。这种双重认证产品不符合304H规格,对于高温应用可能是不可接受的。

Typical Applications

  • Food processing equipment, particularly in beer brewing, milk processing & winemaking
  • 厨房长凳,水槽,槽,设备和电器app亚博体育
  • 建筑镶板,栏杆和装饰
  • 化学容器,包括运输
  • 热交换器
  • 用于采矿,采石和水过滤的编织或焊接屏幕
  • 螺纹紧固件
  • 弹簧

This article was updated on 19Th2019年8月。

注释

  1. Mahmoud Ellithy Mahmoud Ellithy 埃及 说:

    我想知道生产SS304坦克及其报价以及如何与它们联系的公司。

    • Amos Stitham Amos Stitham 美国 说:

      IBI/Global Power
      工程制造的交付
      Caldwell,ID
      93716

      (208) 459-6077

      Toll Free: 1 (800) 497-8251

  2. Thanh Tran Thanh Tran United Kingdom 说:

    我想知道316和304哪一个更昂贵?还是更高的质量?

    • Vinay Kumar n Vinay Kumar n India 说:

      316is higher.

      • ugeshkumar s ugeshkumar s India 说:

        i want to know list of ss materials and cost

  3. 阿斯鲁尔·阿扎德(Asrul Aizzad) 阿斯鲁尔·阿扎德(Asrul Aizzad) Malaysia 说:

    I want to know TIG welding parameter for 304

  4. Musthafa Ismail Musthafa Ismail India 说:

    耐腐蚀性能
    在广泛的大气环境和许多腐蚀性媒体中出色。在温暖的氯化物环境中受到斑点和缝隙腐蚀,并应对大约60°C以上的腐蚀破裂。在环境温度下,被认为对饮用水的耐药性高达约200mg/L的氯化物,在60°C下降低至约150mg/L。

    在哪个温度下进行凹痕和缝隙腐蚀。请明确说明。

    • Luis Camargo Luis Camargo Canada 说:

      SS304/316/321 are not resistant materials for chloride stress corrosion cracking -these materials fail under conditions (50 ppm of chloride, 60 C and 10 atm pressure)

  5. 布里吉塔·罗斯利(Brigitta Roselie) 布里吉塔·罗斯利(Brigitta Roselie) Indonesia 说:

    I want to know how can I find the most updating prices for sus304 in kg (is there any web site)

  6. Tyrone Dunn Tyrone Dunn South Africa 说:

    I would like to know if it is acceptable to heat 304 stainless in order to create formswept bends on 6 mm thick angle iron without distorting its metalic properties or reducing its corrosiveness in high humidity coastal areas.

  7. Barry Patterson Barry Patterson 美国 说:

    Is 304 suitable for a 6" flue pipe from a small coal stove in a hunting camp?

  8. TARAI TARAI 美国 说:

    哪个年级最适合为汽车制造排气系统(特别是大众Vanagon)?我已经看到304次使用,但认为304h或316会更好。这些等级会以所需的管道尺寸提供吗?交易会发生什么?力量?长寿?

    • steve miller steve miller 美国 说:

      304and 316 are very expensive and can be overkill in the exhaust application. Try Cromgard 18-1. Just Google Cromgard and the company pops up. Its used a lot in the automotive industry for exhausted systems because of resistance to corrosion and low cost.

    • Ihsan Durani Ihsan Durani Islamic Republic of Pakistan 说:

      现在,减轻体重是汽车应用的重要目标。因此,您必须使用满足客户和公司的金属。304和316的重量很高,也很昂贵..................................

  9. ugeshkumar s ugeshkumar s India 说:

    what is moulding and casting difference between them

    • Ihsan Durani Ihsan Durani Islamic Republic of Pakistan 说:

      成型是制造成本的霉菌的过程,但是铸造属于一个过程,其中使用模具给出了特定形状的过程。亚博网站下载熔融金属被塞入模具中以铸件..................................

  10. Yang Fuqiang Yang Fuqiang People 说:

    我想在-100〜100℃时进行304不锈钢的弹性模型

  11. Kian Farzaneh Kian Farzaneh 美国 说:

    Is this steel good for making knives?

    • Gary Towne Gary Towne 美国 说:

      不,因为它相对较软。它需要频繁的锐化。通常认为440C是最好的,因为它具有所有常见不锈钢的最高硬度。

    • Dimitrios Mang Dimitrios Mang Greece 说:

      The most everyday use of stainless steel is obviously in cutlery. Very cheap cutlery is made out of grades 409 and 430, with the finest Sheffield cutlery using specially produced 410 and 420 for the knives and grade 304 (18/8 stainless, 18% chromium 8% nickel) for the spoons and forks.

  12. Tuan Tran Tuan Tran 美国 说:

    不锈钢304 ROHS是否符合不锈钢?

  13. Manoocher Mohebi Manoocher Mohebi Romania 说:

    hello
    我想要不锈钢(304)以下数据的最佳建议过程(用于深度绘图的白色设计)
    outer diameter 49.8 mm
    壁厚0.8〜1mm
    length 65mm
    r = 5〜5.5毫米

  14. 理查德·潘菲尔(Richard Panfil) 理查德·潘菲尔(Richard Panfil) 美国 说:

    304张和角度的硬度有所不同吗?我正在用拳打304 ss 3“角度,并在一次使用后弯曲并畸形。

  15. Mark Nels Mark Nels 美国 说:

    我有一个跨度为48英寸的横梁,12-3/4“ x 24”。跨度中间有多少重量安全?
    另外,我还有一个带有1-1/4英寸钢棒的吊车,该杆连接了手推车的两半。对于5-1/2英寸的光束,1-1/4英寸杆仅足够长(总长度为9-1/2英寸)。我需要拿一根更长的杆。17英寸将用于12-3/4英寸的法兰。我需要在末端钻孔的孔。我需要哪种类型的钢,我应该担心更长的时间给问题和弯曲吗?手推车的评级为3吨。
    Found a 304 stainless steel 1-1/4” rod on Ebay. Would that work for strength? Can I drill it for the cotter pins?

  16. Dhananjay Kumar Dhananjay Kumar India 说:

    BHN没有什么范围。SS 304

  17. Dhananjay Kumar Dhananjay Kumar India 说:

    if the value of brinell hardness 187 and second brinell hardness value is 245 then what is comparision between both

  18. Michael Rederstorf Michael Rederstorf 美国 说:

    如果以一定的速度进行热处理和冷却,是否可以更容易加工304S?

  19. arsul iman arsul iman Malaysia 说:

    你好。我想问一下,至于304L最好的PWHT的范围是多少?浸泡时间是多少?我使用9毫米厚度。

  20. 艾哈迈德·奥默(Ahmed Omer) 艾哈迈德·奥默(Ahmed Omer) 沙特阿拉伯 说:

    what is the Heat Range For 304 ?

    • Sachi Jangra Sachi Jangra India 说:

      grade 304 stainless steel possesses “good oxidation resistance in intermittent service to 870 °C and in continuous service to 925 °C.” However, they warn that “continuous use of 304 in the 425-860 °C range is not recommended if subsequent aqueous corrosion resistance is important.”

      In other words, you can expose grade 304 alloy steel to temperatures of up to 1,598 °F for short periods of time without ill effect, and for extended periods of time in temperatures of up to 1,697 °F. However, this can compromise the corrosion resistance of the metal, making it more susceptible to corrosion damage from exposure to moisture.

      如304不锈钢所述,合金在2,550°F - 2,650°F(1399°C - 1454°C)范围内达到其熔点。自然,钢越接近其熔点,它损失的拉伸强度就越多。

  21. Ed Avanesian Ed Avanesian 美国 说:

    is stainless steel 304 okay for liquid paraffin conveying?

  22. Ed Avanesian Ed Avanesian 美国 说:

    is stainless steel 304 okay for liquid paraffin conveying?

  23. 戴尔·德拉拉(Dell Delilah) 戴尔·德拉拉(Dell Delilah) Malaysia 说:

    Hello,
    can i know what is the best coating type or product which is used for stainless steel SUS 304. Specification coating guarantees for 30 years which is used for building.

  24. 克劳迪奥·安德烈(ClaudioAndré) 克劳迪奥·安德烈(ClaudioAndré) Brazil 说:

    Hello, I want to use 304 but the yield strength is really low, can I forge to gain resistance? I have a graph showing a area reduction of 40% and increase 2 times the resistance. Is it possible?

  25. Matt Shelson Matt Shelson 美国 说:

    I have a spool of T304ss .008 or 32G, wonder if you would know if this is usable in the vaping industry. Building coils that are heated. Some devices can also control the temerature of heating. Also states 890-H and curious what this pertains to? Any information is appereciated. most commonly 316L is used if this helps. I ponder the differences in corrosion or oxidation if any as well.

  26. Anatoly Skirda Anatoly Skirda 美国 说:

    304 SS ROHS是否合规?

  27. mari vijayan mari vijayan India 说:

    在SS304中,意味着3,0,4。我知道它的奥氏体....但是,为什么我们称它们为300系列....它是如何命名的???任何得到答案回复我frds...。

  28. J S Dwivedi J S Dwivedi India 说:

    什么是304 q。请说明使用304 Q超过304的优点。

  29. Bhavik Adajaniya Bhavik Adajaniya India 说:

    我想知道不锈钢级304的某些财产。

    1.最小屈服应力
    2. minimum tensile strength
    3. effective yield stress
    4. effective tensile strength
    5.单位体积重量
    6.热膨胀系数
    7. Poisson's ratio
    8. modulus of elasticity

  30. Akshay Patel Akshay Patel India 说:

    304钢的介电强度是多少

  31. Muthu Mmr Muthu Mmr India 说:

    I want to know about welding parameters for SS 304

  32. 莫hamed Romieh 莫hamed Romieh 埃及 说:

    在哪里可以找到原始物料S.S 304电线3毫米厚的测试报告?

  33. Zeke Jimenez Zeke Jimenez 美国 说:

    为我的工程课做一个任务,想知道制作304不锈钢的要求是什么

The opinions expressed here are the views of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of AZoM.com.

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