The aerospace and defense (A&D) markets are now among the largest and most lucrative industries in the world. They were founded during an unparalleled period of innovation.
美国航空航天和国防部门最近记录了创纪录的每年7600亿美元的收入。但是，以任何准确性重视全球市场的净资产是一项挑战。
这主要是由于持续的数字化转型和创新，尽管加剧了地缘政治不确定性和紧张局势。Refractory metals是这些关键增长驱动因素的核心，为飞行控制系统和弹道的低风险创新提供了解决方案。
航空航天与防御：添加可耐磨金属的价值
Refractory metals are a critical class of materials in high-performance manufacturing and industrial spaces. They are made up of a core group of five elements: Rhenium (Re), Tantalum (Ta), Niobium (Nb), Molybdenum (Mo) and Tungsten (W).
这五个要素是确定的折磨，而对于耐火金属的限定的定义也有所不同 - 考虑到比其他规格更广泛的材料科学和冶金领域。亚博网站下载亚博老虎机网登录
它们独特的物理和化学特性以及对极端温度的特殊性是将这些材料结合在一起的原因。亚博网站下载Niobium具有五种难治度金属的最低熔点（2750°C），而塔塔勒姆的Vickers硬度额定值最低（873 MPa）。
These are already extraordinary properties that only improve throughout the refractory metals family, spanning up to a maximum Vickers hardness of 4000 MPa and a melting point of 3422 °C. For aerospace and defense solutions,钨is the go-to refractory metal as it has the highest melting point of any metal known to man: 3422 °C (6192 °F).
Combined with its extreme hardness and high density (19.3 g/cm3), tungsten is routinely employed to create key products which assist in-flight stability or supply powerful penetration for advanced ordinance. Molybdenum and tantalum are also used in similarly demanding civil and military aviation applications.
Tantalum is crucial in the production of explosively-formed penetrators (EFP). At the same time, molybdenum heating elements and hot zones are employed in a range of heat treatment processes designed to elevate the physical properties of components intended for utilization in aerospace and defense.
将航空航天到新高度的另一个关键难治性是Niobium。它为火焰屏蔽应用和火箭喷嘴提供了一种新颖的材料解决方案。
A number of financial analysts argue that defense spending and growth in commercial aviation are counter-cyclical, meaning the sector often thrives despite economic recessions or downturns.
其他人则认为，该行业的市场价值没有明显的周期性。但是，一个始终如一的事实是，航空航天和防御的创新通常由新的物质解决方案来容纳。
复合材料对航空业最早的成功起了重要作用。现在，难治性金属正在提供类似的创新，以满足不断增长的全球需求。用于产生高性能组件的添加剂制造（AM）的发作一直是航空航天中的许多创新之一。
来自H.C.的耐火金属Starck解决方案
H.C.Starck Solutions专门从事高纯度折射率和合金，以挑战应用领域。他们为aerospace and defense，帮助制造商满足对高性能解决方案的持续需求。他们的产品线包括：
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MO，TA和WHA导弹组件
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TZM锻造发动机叶片生产模具
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飞机和直升机的平衡重量
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NB C-103纸和推进的喷嘴
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wha屏蔽件用于航天器的组件
References
此信息已从H.C.提供的材料中采购，审查和调整。亚博网站下载Starck解决方案。
有关此消息来源的更多信息，请访问H.C.Starck解决方案。