Crude oil, which is composed of an estimated 500 different components, is processed by fractionation and refining techniques to produce a number of end products including liquefied gas, gasoline, diesel, heating fuel, lubricants and much more. In fact, the use of crude oil can also be utilized in the chemical industry for the production of plastics, textiles, dyes, cosmetics, fertilizers, detergents, building materials and pharmaceuticals. As the major source of lubricants utilized in the global market, the processing of crude oil requires approximately 33% of our energy demand.
Processing Crude Oil
Crude oil is first desalted and then separated into several intermediate materials through the use of an atmospheric or crude distillation unit (CDU), depending on boiling temperature. To satisfy the high global demand for gasoline, the heavier side cuts from the CDU are reformed and resolved to increase the light intermediate materials which subsequently also increases the number of gasoline fractions produced by this process. One important overhead distillate fraction is known naphtha, which is a mixture of C5到c10碳氢化合物，是由相对较轻的成分产生的。石脑油通常被乙烯植物用作原材料。
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精炼，开裂和分离过程的细节，集中在石脑油气流上，并指出建议的NIR测量点。
Monitoring the CDU
重要的是要注意，必须连续监控CDU获得的分数质量，以确保其有效运行。当粗饲料具有很大的杂质时，可能会在精炼过程中引起腐蚀和结垢。此外，某些操作条件，例如粗柱顶部的温度，原油和回流，以及水洗和头顶蒸气水含量可以促进腐蚀和结垢。
原油中水含量的影响
CDU中水的存在也可能引起问题，因为它可以吸收酸和胺，并最终随着柱从柱向下流动而蒸发。随着加热盐沉积在色谱柱中，它们最终会积聚并导致高压下降，从而导致效率和利润损失。
确定水含量
Determining the water content of crude oil, refined petroleum products, fuels, biofuels, lubricants and other similar products is extremely important to ensure quality control, meeting trade specifications, the protection of the financial value of the products, as well as the enhancement process optimization. Determining the accurate water content present in hydrocarbons enables the refinery to take steps to reduce risks that can occur from corrosion, safety problems and infrastructure damage, all of which can be caused from unwanted water content levels present in these oil byproducts.
一种安全而快速的方法来监视CDU顶部级分中存在的水含量，是无试剂的近红外光谱（NIR）内联的。光谱法比更常用的湿化学分析方法具有许多优势。尤其是NIRS是一种快速，经济的技术，可以通过无创和非破坏性方法对产品进行定性和定量分析。
In fact, NIRS is an indispensable analysis technique that can simultaneously determine a diverse range of parameters in seconds. By utilizing NIRS in the manufacturing process of these products, all materials ranging from those undergoing initial processing to finished products can be accurately and quickly evaluated.
Metrohm’s NIRS process analyzers enable the comparison of real-time spectral data from the process to the primary method to create a simple and indispensable model for any crude oil manufacturer’s needs. To gain more control over the production of crude oil and similar products, aMetrohm Process Analytics NIRS XDS system配备了多路复用器选项时，能够最多监视9个不同的过程点。也可以为ATEX区域的应用程序配置MetroHM Process Analytics NIRS XD。
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主要方法和NIR模型之间的数据相关性说明了方法之间的相关性的准确性。
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NIRS XDS流程分析仪为ATEX中的应用程序配置了区域。
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