Azom与Igor Zlotnikov博士进行了谈论使用纳米力学测试来了解生物材料的机械效率。亚博网站下载
您为什么对生物材料的机械性能感兴趣?亚博网站下载
Biological materials exhibit superior mechanical properties relative to their weight when compared to the majority of all man-made materials. In addition to this, organisms can construct these materials using a very limited palette. The exceptional properties of biological materials are a result of intricate architectures that have nanoscale features. We, as scientists, would like to understand these structures and reproduce these materials.
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您与纳米凹陷一起使用哪些技术?
为了机械分析,我们主要使用纳米凹痕与其他一系列技术一起使用,也可以使用荧光符系统。我们还使用映射和动态机械分析进行实验。我们还一直在使用最近引入的环境控制阶段,这使我们能够在受控环境下进行纳米力学测试,这对于生物组织非常重要。生物组织应在类似于其自然栖息地的环境中进行测试,当将其嵌入塑料并干燥时测试其性能是没有意义的。
For this reason, we perform many characterizations under a controlled environment, with specific attention to relative humidity. Additionally, many of the structures are extremely small which is why we use mapping techniques.
How are you using nanomechanical testing to study biological materials?
材料最基本的形式纳米特征化是基于对材料的杨氏模亚博网站下载量和硬度的测量。对于生物材料而言,这还不够,因为其行为的很大功能基于粘弹性。亚博网站下载
玻璃弹性响应无法使用静态技术测量,这是我们使用的动态分析有用的地方。
您是否正在研究组织的形成?
这是我实验室的另一个方面。我们既关注生物结构的纳米力学表征,又关注生物矿化研究。在这里,我们试图了解生物组织如何形成矿物结构。
您如何期望这项研究影响仿生物领域?
我主要参与基础研究,确定生物材料的行为方式和如何创造,而不是创建材料本身。亚博网站下载但是,基础研究产生了很大的影响。
仿生学是一个极其多学科的领域。它涉及从化学,生物学,材料科学和物理学中汲取知识。亚博网站下载亚博老虎机网登录为了了解对生物组织的形成方式的理解,需要考虑所有这些领域。形成结构的细胞的生物学,矿化反应的化学性质以及所得结构的机械性能都需要知道。
仿生物是材料科学与生物工程之间的桥梁,并且知识流向两个方向。亚博网站下载亚博老虎机网登录材料科学的最新技术用于了解生物结构的形成方式以及它们的性能,然后将亚博网站下载这些信息亚博老虎机网登录应用于合成材料的设计中。
我们是否接近创建与现实世界中看到的植物结构相似的仿生结构?
This is a difficult question to answer. We can already create, in some ways, similar structures but we cannot make them economically. It is expensive and requires a lot of effort.
相反,在自然世界中,可以形成壳的结构,而无需在环境温度下施加任何压力。我们仍然不知道这是如何实现的,但是我们确实知道它使用了一种“自下而上”的方法,这意味着外壳是从头开始构建的。
We can form synthetic shell-like materials but we have to take a different approach that involves a lot of expensive technology, and the material is not produced in a large scale. So, whilst we can produce truly biomimetic structures, we cannot yet make them at the scale that nature does so effortlessly, which is prohibitively expensive
What equipment do you use in your research?
我们在实验室中使用Hysitron Ti-950系统,这也具有动态分析附加组件,这使我们能够进行映射测试。我们有一个湿度室,因此我们可以在测量过程中控制湿度和温度。此外,我们还拥有Picoindenter-85。这些是我们与之一起玩的主要玩具。
The humidity chamber in particular was crucial for our research as, when testing biological materials, it’s important to stay at biologically relevant conditions. We developed the humidity chamber with Hysitron four years ago. I was working in Potsdam, when we had the idea of constructing the chamber and contacted Hysitron. We did the first experiment on the proto-type, which was successful, and the machine became commercially available two years later.
About Dr Igor Zlotnikov
Igor Zlotkinov博士获得了以色列理工学院技术学院的材料科学和工程博亚博网站下载士学位。亚博老虎机网登录然后,他担任博士后研究员,随后,他是一名独立研究人员,生物材料系Max Planck胶体和界面研究所。亚博网站下载
Currently, he is leading the group "Multiscale Analysis" in B CUBE - Centre for Molecular Bioengineering, TU Dresden. His research focuses on the fundamental question of how nature takes advantage of thermodynamic principles to generate complex morphologies and on the interplay between physics of materials and cellular control in this process.
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