A Guide to Passive Vibration Isolation

主动或被动技术可用于隔离设备的振动。app亚博体育通过采用活性技术，通过致动器和传感器以电子方式产生相反但相等的力以消除任何不需要的振动。使用被动技术，通过限制振动能力耦合到待隔离的物品来实现隔离。

这是通过利用机械连接来实现的，该机械连接在进入待隔离的物品之前重定向或消散振动的能量来实现。被动技术有时需要使用机电控制来调整系统，但隔离机构本身是被动的。

被动系统可以利用弹簧，流体，弹性体或负刚度分量，并且通常比活性系统更低。它们的相对简单性使它们更安全可靠。

Simple Spring Vibration Isolation

A spring placed between the surface transmitting vibration or shock and the item to be isolated is one of the most basic passive isolators. The spring opposes the impulse on it and absorbs some energy as it deforms. For damping, an elastomeric or fluid element is added to the spring element.

One simple example is a car’s shock absorber. In this instance, mechanical energy from the vibration or shock works on the fluid and is converted to thermal energy in the fluid, decreasing the amount of energy transmitted to the body of the car.

弹性体阻尼振动隔离器

弹性体是橡胶状材料，其通过变形，吸收机械能。亚博网站下载弹性体隔离器的实例是用于建筑基础，飞机部件，工业机械和汽车发动机的振动和冲击安装座。

在一个轴上的隔离可能比其他轴更好，因为橡胶在所有方向上没有相同的特征。最复杂的被动隔离器利用负刚度或空气技术。

In advanced technology applications such as microscopy (including SPM, SEM, etc.), interferometry, micro-hardness testing and nano-fabrication, the best passive vibration isolation devices permit the instruments to perform at their best.

空气台振动阻尼

气动系统在压缩空气活塞上支撑平台或重桌子，该平台或重桌子在桌子和地之间供应去耦合，即桌子在空中漂浮。

The most sophisticated air tables can be quite expensive, but do a good job of isolating floor vibrations at small amplitudes. While they isolate in a passive manner, they need a leveling system, an air supply, and associated controls and maintenance.

更复杂的空气系统不在低频下隔离，这些空气系统通过如此良好处理的低频负刚度系统, or in all directions. Problematic ambient vibration can be caused by the air supply system for pneumatic isolators. Using electrical techniques for controlling air cylinder pressure and leveling the table adds to the complexity and potential for failure.

负刚度振动隔离器

对于低频频率和地板和建筑振动的振荡仪器，负刚度隔离器提供可靠，简单，高效的隔离溶液。它们相对较小，稳定，轻巧，具有成本效益。

从- K充满Negative-stiffness光电隔离器y mechanical, and an optional electronic auto-adjust system is available for special applications. Isolation is acquired using an arrangement of springs and negative-stiffness mechanisms. These systems supply isolation in 6 degrees of freedom with resonant frequencies as low as 0.5 Hz or lower.

Isolation begins around 1 Hz and is around 50 to 100 times better than most high-performance air tables in the 5-10 Hz range for a 0.5-Hz system, which is crucial in buildings. With respect to vibration, a number of isolators can be combined while still acting as one, which enables great versatility in designing for a variety of applications.

Minus K's negative-stiffness technologyhas been implemented successfully for sensitive instrumentation loads from a few pounds to many tons. The isolators are simple to adjust and use. They can take up less space than air systems, be more economical, supply better isolation at very low vibration amplitudes, and need no maintenance.

通常，负刚度系统不设计用于处理大角度变化和像车辆或飞机应用中发生的冲击载荷。减号可选择性地利用，以大大提高飞机或车辆操作期间的敏感仪器的性能。

Both negative-stiffness and pneumatic systems can be sensitive to temperature adjustments but can be modified to compensate. Negative-stiffness systems can be modified to be utilized in a vacuum chamber or clean room easily, but in this environment, air systems are prone to difficulties.

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